6. Subsequent measurement——revaluation model

后續(xù)計量要解決的問題是，在每一個資產負債表日，某項資產或負債要以什么金額最終列示在資產負債表上的問題。

       Revaluation model

       When a non-current asset is purchased we record them at their initial cost. However, over time these values may materially differ from their market value. The most common example is land and building.

       In order to overcome this issue I.A.S. 16 allows companies to reflect the fair value in the statement of financial position. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date ( i.e. it is an exit price) .

This policy may be adopted, and if so the following rules must be applied per the standard:

?       If a company chooses to revalue an asset they must revalue all assets in that category at the same time

?       Revaluations must be regular

?       Subsequent depreciation must be based on the revalued amounts

?       Gains from revaluations are NOT taken to the income statement as no gain has been realized. Instead, it is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income, as one of the "other comprehensive income (OCI)".

Example:

(1) A building was purchased at 1 Jan. 2000 for $500,000 with a useful life of 25 years.

(2) It was revalued to $1,200,000 at 1 Jan. 2015 and overall useful life remained unchanged.

(3) It was disposed at 1 July 2016 and sold for $1.05m.

Cost @1 Jan. 2000            500,000

A.D. @31 Dec. 2014         (300,000)

N.B.V @1 Jan. 2015          200,000

Gain on revaluation            1,000,000

Revalued amount              1,200,000

       Cost @1 Jan. 2000                  500,000

       A.D. @31 Dec. 2014               (300,000)

       N.B.V @1 Jan. 2015                200,000

       Gain on revaluation                  1,000,000

       Cost @ 1 Jan. 2015                 1,200,000

       Depn. for 2015 (1.2m/10)        (120,000)

       N.B.V @31 Dec. 2015             1,080,000

I/S for 2015

Sales                                 0

Depn. Expense                 (120,000)

Net loss                             (120,000)

O.C.I.

Gain on revaluation           1,000,000

B/S as at 31 Dec. 2015

             Asset

N.C.A.

PPE                                   1,080,000

Equity                  調                 不調

R.S.       900,000               1,000,000

R.E.       (20,000)               (120,000)

                            880,000               880,000

Cost @1 Jan. 2000           500,000

A.D. @31 Dec. 2014         (300,000)

N.B.V @1 Jan. 2015          200,000

Gain on revaluation            1,000,000

Revalued amount              1,200,000

N.B.V @31 Dec. 2015      1,080,000

Depn. for 6mths                (60,000)

N.B.V before disposal       1,020,000

Profit on disposal       30,000

Proceed on disposal         1,050,000

       總結：R.S.的實現途徑有兩種

（1）每年從R.S.調進R.E.

（2）在資產處置時，一次性實現進R.E.

以上兩種情況，都不是compulsory，只是optional (注意處理相關的選擇題），且固定資產重估價增值的部分永遠不會影響損益表。